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Brunswick

Brunswick (Braunschweig) is a historic territory in Lower Saxony which, as the Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (until 1814) and the Duchy of Brunswick (1814–1918), was among the oldest coin-issuing lords of Germany. The House of Welf ruled both Brunswick and Hanover (the Brunswick-Lüneburg line), and the coinages of the two states intertwine.

History

From the 16th century the dukes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel struck famous silver thalers and multiple "löser" from Harz silver; in the 19th century the duchy was a member of the German Confederation and from 1871 of the German Empire. After Duke William's death (1884) regents governed; from 1913 to 1918 Ernest Augustus of Hanover reigned. From 1918 the Free State of Brunswick, merged into Lower Saxony in 1946.

Currency and coins

Until 1857 a thaler currency (thaler = 24 good groschen, from 1834 = 30 silver groschen), then the Vereinsthaler (18.52 g, .900) until 1871 and the imperial mark. In the German Empire Brunswick struck silver 3 and 5 marks only in 1915 with the portrait of Ernest Augustus (Berlin mint, A). Earlier issues come from the mints of Zellerfeld, Wolfenbüttel and Brunswick.

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